Paper machine and method of making paper



Sept. 1, 1936.

H. o. BINGI 2,052,746

PAPER MACHINE AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Filed Oct. 29, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 lnVEm/Er: fiarazd 0. {9572 Sept. 1, 1936. H. ONBING I 2,052,746

PAPER MACHINE AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Filed Oct. 29, 1931 2 Sheets-Sheet -2 [IYYQF /QF Patented Sept. 1, 1936 PAPER MACHINE AND METHOD OF MAKING PAPER of Wisconsin Application October 29, 1931, Serial No. 571,732

12 Claims.

This invention relates to paper making machines of the cylinder type and includes a novel process of making paper.

More specifically this invention relates to a novel cylinder paper machine having means for removing water from the paper web during its formation without the aid of a battery of heavy duty presses and thereby producing a sheet of maximum strength per unit weight.

In cylinder type paper machines now on the market a cylinder moldor plurality of molds is immersed in a stock vat or plurality of vats. The cylinder mold is rotated in the vat and being of foraminous construction the white water of the paper stock tends to flow into the cylinder. The white water is removed from the center portion of the cylinder and the fibers of the stock remain on the surface of the cylinder mold in a somewhat matted condition. A pickup felt contacts the cylinder near the top thereof and removes the matted fibers from the surface of the cylinder mold. A fibrous web is thus suspended on the under side of the belt. After leaving the last cylinder mold the pick up felt is entrained around a so-called strain roll. As the wet felt starts back on its journey above the cylinder molds, the fibrous web no longer is suspended from its under side but is on its upper surface. After the wet felt passes over the strain roll it meets an upper felt and the fibrous web on the pickup felt is gently squeezed between the two felts by means of suction and'press rolls. The paper web is then removed from the felts and subjected to high pressures by heavy duty presses to remove the.

water therefrom.

Ordinarily the papei sheetis subjected to pressure from a minimum of six presses up to a maximum of about ten or twelve. Each time the sheet goes through a set of presses it is compacted,

making it weigh more per unit area. The heavy duty press rolls also distort the sheet which distortion when added to the stress that takes place on the sheet between each set of presses greatly reduces the strength of the final product.

During the last few years there has been a big demand to produce a cylinder made sheet of paper having less weight per unit area and having greater strength. After considerable experimentation I have found that the only practical way to accomplish this result is to eliminate the large number of: presses ordinarily used in the process of removing water from a cylinder formed sheet. I have also found that it is possible to 55 entirely do away with the top felt ordinarily used in the cylinder type machine and still obtain excellent results. v

It is therefore an object of this invention toprovide a cylinder type of paper machine to produce a paper sheet having maximum strength per 5 unit weight.

It is a further object of this invention to pro-' vide a cylinder type of paper machine in which the paper web passes directly to water extracting means while still on the under side of the pickup 10 felt.

Another important object of my invention is to provide a cylinder type of paper machine in which the pressing operation is reduced to a minimum.

A specific object of this invention is to provide 15 a novel cylinder type of paper machine in which the customary top felt is eliminated and the fibrous web from the pickup felt is supported on a Fourdrinier wire during the water extracting operation. 20

Other and further objects of this invention will become apparent as the description proceeds.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatical side view of a cylinder type of paper machine according to this 25 invention in which the sheet passes through one or more extractor rolls while still on the pickup felt before passing to the first suction press. The suction press'is provided with a wire in place of afelt, said wire being similar to thewire used on a 30 Fourdrinier machine. The sheet is subjected to very light pressures at the extractor rolls which remove sufficient water to prepare it for the heavy pressures applied at the first suction press. After leaving the suction press the paper sheet is sepa- 35 rated from the pickup felt and passes through one or more presses of either the suction or plain type and then onto the dryers.

Figure 2 discloses a diagrammatic side view of an alternative arrangement of the paper machine 40 according to this invention in which the partially formed sheet on the pickup felt first passes through a suction press while still on the felt, then through a series of light duty perforated presses, and then through a heavy duty suction press. A 45 wire similar to a Fourdrinier wire is entrained around the suction rolls and perforated extractor rolls to support the sheet. From the heavy duty suction press the sheet passes through one or more other presses of either the suction or plain 50 type and from thence onto the dryers.

Figure 3 discloses another diagrammatic side view of an alternative arrangement of paper machine according to this invention in which the partially formed paper sheet on the pickup felt Y couch roll where it. is subjected to high vacuum to remove more water, after which it is removed fromthe wire and passed onto one or more presses of either the plain or suction type before entering the dryers. operated with or without a top press roll.

Figure4 is a cross sectional view of one form of extractor roll for use in the paper machine which consists of a perforated shell having perforations completely around its entire periphery. Qnly a few perforations are disclosed on the drawing's however.

Figure 5 is abroken cross sectional viewof an alternative form of extractor roll which is equipped with a mesh wire around its periphery to allow the water to drain through into theinterior of the drum.

As shown on the drawings:

In Figure 1 the reference numerals I, 2,3, 4, and 5 indicate pulp stock vats of the general type for supplying fibers to the rotatable cylinder molds 6, 8, 9, and I0, respectively. A pickup felt I6 contacts between the cylinder molds 6, 1, 8, 9, and I0 and couch rolls ll, l2, l3, l4, and \IS, thereby removing the fiber web from each of the cylinder molds and, as the pickup felt progresses, gradually building up a paper sheet on the under side of the felt. Supporting rolls l1 and tension .roll l8 guide the pickup felt through the cylinder machine. Motion may be imparted to the felt by suitable means, as. by a set of driven press rolls. A whipper (not shown) may be provided to clean the pickup felt as it passes to and from roll "a. A washing device may be inserted as shown at H to wash the felt.

After leaving the last cylinder mold ill the pickup felt and fibrous web suspended on its under side are passed between perforated extractor rolls 20, 2|, 22, and rubber press rolls 213, 24, 25, where the sheet is subjected to light pressures. A considerable amount of water is removed from the fiber web at this stage, however, the water draining through the perforated rolls 2!], 2|, and 22.-

After passing over the extractor. rolls the fibrous web on the under side of. the pickup feltis brought into contact with a Fourdrinier wire 30 to support the web. around guide rolls 3| and a suction press roll 32. Asthe'fibrous web and pickup felt advance along the wire they are directed over the suction press roll 32 at which point the web is separated from the felt by the aid of the suction and more water is removed therefrom. The felt is directed back to the cylinder around rubber strain roll 33 located above the suction roll. The fibrous web,

.now paper web 34, is sufiiciently formed to support itself and is directed onto another Fourdrinier wire 40 entrained around guide rolls 4|. While on the wire it is passed between another suction press roll 42 and rubber top press roll 43. The Fourdrinier wire 40 is kept taut by means of a tension roll 41.

The paper web 34 is next directed over a guide roll 45 and onto another Fourdrinier wire 50 entrained about guide rolls 5|. the Fourdrinier wire 58 is then passed between another suction press roll 52 and a rubber top press roll 53. From there the paper web may be The second suction couch can be The wire 30 is entrained The paper web on 2,052,746 I passed between heavy duty presses 62 and 63 and with and a large amount'of: water in the web on the pickup felt is removed before the web is subjected to pressure between heavy duty press rolls. The customary battery of heavy duty press rolls is entirely dispensed with. Ifdesired only one suction press roll may be used and in some cases more than the three suction press rolls disclosed may be used. For most purposes, however, it

has been found that the three suction rolls are sufficient to dry the paper enough so .that it may pass between a heavy duty press roll without deformation or stretching. At the same time, however, a strong sheet of less density is produced since the fibres have not been unduly compacted during the water removal operation.

Figure 2 discloses a diagrammatical side view of a straight line cylinder type paper machine similar to that disclosed in Figure 1 but differing therefrom in that the pickup felt and fiber web on the under side thereof after leaving the last cylinder mold III are directed between a suction press roll 83 and a top press roll 84 on a Fourdrinier wire 80.

After passing between the suction roll and thewire 80, between a, series of light duty presses' consisting of hollow perforated rolls 85, 86, 81, and 88 and upper light duty press rolls 89, 90, 9|, and 92.

Upon leaving the last extractor roll 88 and upper roll 92 the pickup felt, paper sheet and Fourdrinier wire are passed between a heavy duty suction press roll llll and a strain roll I00; At this point the paper web is sufliciently formed and dried to be separated from the pickup felt and the Fourdrinier wire 80. The pickup felt is directed back over the cylinder mold vats and the Fourdrinier wire 80 is directed back to suction roll 83 into cooperating relation with the, pickup felt. The wire is entrained around suction rolls 83, I0 I guide rolls 8i and tension roll 82. The paper web 34 after being separated from the pickup felt is directed successively onto other Fourdrinier wires 40 and 50, passed through othersuction press rolls 42 and 52, then between heavy duty press felt are immediately subjected to suctionupon leaving the last cylinder mold, whereas the pickup felt and fiber web thereon in Figure 1 are first directed through a series of extractor rolls before suction is applied to the wet fiber web. It is to be understood in the operation of a machine as disclosed in Figure 2 that the suction applied at the first suction roll 83 should not be great enough to disrupt the wet fibers on the "pickup felt. Only a very light pressure is maintained between suction press 83 and the roll 8 In Figure 3 another alternative construction of my novel cylinder machine is disclosed in which the fiber web is separated from the pickup felt roll I2I. At this point the pickup felt is directed first suction couch roll I20 under light pressure is directed, while on the Fourdrinier wire I22, over the second suction couch roll I24 under high vacuum. Roll I24 is not provided with an upper press roll. After passing over this second suction couch roll I24 the web is sufficiently dry to support itself and the resulting web 34 is then directed onto another Fourdrinier wire 40 and carried between the suction press roll 42 and top press roll 43. After leaving the Fourdrinier wire 40 the web 34 is carried over to another Fourdrinier wire 59 and between suction press roll 52 and top press roll 53 thence between heavy duty press rolls 62 and 63 and then onto the dryers II, I2, and I3 in the same manner as indicated in Figures 1 and 2.

Figures 4 and 5 disclose cross sectional views of two types of extractor rolls used in my novel type of cylinder machine disclosed in Figures 1 and 2. Figure 4 discloses a roll which consists of a metallic shell I30 provided with perforations I3I around its entire periphery. .The figure in the drawings discloses only a few of these perforations. This roll is a hollow shell made of a metal,

' such as for example brass or bronze.

Figure 5 discloses an alternative arrangement of extractor roll which is made up of supporting spiders I40, formed integrally with hub members MI and having rim portions I42. A heavy coarse mesh wire I43 is secured around the periphery of the rims I42 and forms a support for a finer number of operations.

wire of the Fourdrinier' type I44. Wire I44 forms the outer surface of the roll. Spiders and rims such as I40 and I42 may be spaced throughout the length of the roll to adequately support the wire I43. If desired spider supporting members may be used at the ends of the rolls only and rigid metallic rods stretched across the roll at spaced intervals around the periphery to support the wire.

In each of the cylinder machines described in Figures 1, 2, and 3 it will be noted that the conventional top felt is eliminated and the sheet is subjected to very light pressures in a limited This greatly increases the bulk of the sheet as well as its strength per unit of weight. The productof such a machine is therefore of maximum strength per unit weight.

The'run of the sheet through the machine is straight through the molds and directly into the press section. In other words the sheet moves always forward through the molds, the extractor rolls, the presses and the dryer section and is not reversed as in the case of the conventional type of cylinder machine, where the pickup felt carrying the wet web on the under side thereof is reversed back over the molds with the web on the upper side, and, in cooperation with a top felt.

passed between press rolls to remove water from the web. This straight line arrangement permits the machine to be run at greater speeds and results in a saving in equipment cost.

The combination of suction rolls and extractor rolls, according to my invention, produces a new result not only in the quality of the paper sheet produced but also in the economy of operation.

By my novel arrangement of extractor rolls, suction press rolls and suction couch rolls I am able to dispense with the large number of press rolls heretofore necessary in cylinder type machines. Bringing the sheet in contact between extractor rolls and between the Fourdrinier wire and the pickup felt and subjecting the sheet to both mechanical as well as atmospheric pressure accomplishes results never before known in the paper art and-provides a speed and ease of operation heretofore considered impossible in cylinder type paper machines.

I am aware that many changes may be made and numerous details of construction may be varied through a wide range without departing from the principles of this invention, and I, therefore, do not purpose limiting the patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the prior art.. I

I claim as my invention:

1. In a cylinder type of paper machine includinga plurality of cylinder molds and a pickup felt to build up a composite fibrous web, extractor rolls for receiving the fibrous web to remove water therefrom, foraminous carriers to support said web, suction rolls to extract further quantities of water from said web and aid in transferring the web from said pickup felt to one of said carriers,'additional suction press rolls to further dry and form said web while supported on a foraminous carrier, heavy duty press rolls for receiving said web from said suction press rolls and drying rolls to completely dry said web.

2. In a cylinder type of paper machine the remove water from the web, extractor rolls located after said primary suction roll to remove further quantities of water, a secondary suction roll to remove more water from the web and separate the web from the pickup felt, a secondary foraminous carrier for receiving the separated web and additional suction means to further dry said web.

3. In a cylinder type of paper machine including a plurality of web forming molds and a pickup felt for receiving and transferring the composite web so formed, a foraminous carrier for receiving the composite web directly from said pickup felt, a primary suction roll to remove water from said web and effect the transfer of the web from the pickup felt, a secondary suction roll to remove further quantities of water from the web while still on said foraminous carrier, a secondary foraminous carrier to carry said web over additional suction rolls to extract further quantities of water from said web, heavy duty press rolls for receiving said web only after it is. thoroughly formed so as to prevent distortion thereof and heated drying rolls to remove the last traces of water from the web. I

4. The method of making paper which comprises building up a composite web of fibrous ma- 5. The method of making paper which comprises building up a composite web of fibrous material on a'pickup felt, subjecting said fibrous web and pickup felt to the action of extractor rolls to gently extract water therefrom, transferring said web to a foraminous wire and extracting further quantities of water from said web by means of suction applied through the wire, said suction being'applied in gradually increasing amounts so as not to disrupt the fibrous structure of the web.

' 6. In the manufacture of paper on a cylinder ype of paper machine the process of removing water from the wet web of paper by gentle ex- 1 traction between extractor rolls followed by a gradually increasing suction treatment to produce a well-formed sheet before subjecting the sheet to heavy pressures.

7. In a cylinder type of paper machine including a plurality of. cylinder molds and a pickup felt for receiving a web of paper thereon, the combination of a foraminous carrier belt entrained around suction rolls for receiving the pickup felt and fibrous web thereon to extract water therefrom and a plurality of water extracting rolls positioned between said suction rolls along the upper run of said foraminous wire.

8. The method of making paper of maximum strength per unit weight which comprises forming a composite web of fibrous material on a pickup felt, gently removing water from said web by means of extractor rolls, supporting the partially dried web on a foraminous'carrier' and subjecting the web on the carrier to increasing sucmoval of water therefrom.

aota'ne foraminous carrier belts, subjecting the vvebv on each succeeding carrier belt to an increased suction treatment and when the web is substantially dry allowing it to proceed to the press and dryer rolls. v

10. -In a cylinder type of paper machine ineluding a plurality of web forming molds and a pickup felt for receiving and transferring the composite web so formed, a foraminous carrier for receiving the composite web directly from said pickup felt, suction means for eifecting the transfer from-said pickup felt to said carrier, said K suction means also aiding in the removal of water from said composite web, screen faced extractor rolls below the upper run of said carrier and top press rolls above said extractor rolls to press the web and carrier thereagainst for the removal of water therefrom. 7

11. In a paper machine of the cylindertype, the combination of a fibrous web forming part, a pickup felt for receiving the fibrous web on the under side thereof, a foraminous carrier positioned after said formingpart for receiving the fibrous web, means comprising a suction roll to transfer said fibrous web from said felt to the foraminous carrier, screen faced extractor rolls below the upper run of said carrier and top press rolls above said extractor rolls to press the web and carrier thereagainst for the removal of water therefrom without distorting and crushing the web.

12. In a paper machine of the cylinder type, the combination of a fibrous web forming part, a pickup felt for receiving the fibrous web on the under side thereof, a foraminous carrier positioned aftersaid forming part for receiving the fibrous web directly from the pickup felt, a foraminous metallic roll below the upper run of said foraminous carrier and a top rubber press roll cooperating therewith for pressing the web on the carrier against the foraminous roll for the re- HAnoLD o. BING. 

